Classification of fully polarimetric single- and dual-frequency SAR data of sea ice using the Wishart statistics
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چکیده
Information on the extent and composition of sea ice is important for shipping and offshore operations. Singlepolarization spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are an important information source for ice centres around the world. Next-generation SAR satellites will have the capability to collect fully polarimetric SAR data. In this paper we analyze the differences between polarimetric signatures of sea ice and those of land, test several applications of an unsupervised segmentation based on the Wishart distribution of polarimetric data, and give recommendations for modifications to the segmentation method. Airborne Cand L-band sea ice data are investigated. Surface scattering largely dominates sea ice backscatter. A volume component is present; it only dominates for some regions of selected ice types depending on the radar frequency. Dihedral scattering rarely dominates. The application of speckle filters further reduces the number of pixels with predominantly double bounce. The separation of scattering characteristics using the Freeman–Durden model before image classification provides little additional information. The initialization of the segmentation method with a scattering strength based classifier is very efficient and leads to good results. Résumé. L’information sur l’étendue et la composition des glaces est importante pour la navigation et les opérations au large. Les données RSO à polarisation unique constituent une importante source d’information pour les centres des glaces autour du monde. Les satellites RSO de la prochaine génération auront la capacité d’acquérir des données polarimétriques RSO. Dans cet article, nous analysons les différences dans les signatures polarimétriques de la glace par rapport à celles de la terre ferme, nous testons plusieurs applications d’une segmentation non dirigée basée sur la distribution de Wishart de données polarimétriques et nous formulons des recommandations pour des modifications éventuelles. Nous examinons les données aéroportées en bande C et L de la glace de mer. La diffusion de surface domine largement la diffusion de la glace de mer. Une composante du volume est présente; elle domine uniquement dans certaines régions présentant des types de glace déterminés en fonction de la fréquence radar. La diffusion dièdre domine rarement. L’application de filtres de chatoiement réduit encore davantage le nombre de pixels caractérisés pas le phénomène de seconde réflexion. La séparation des caractéristiques de diffusion à l’aide de la technique de Freeman–Durden avant la classification de l’image fournit peu d’information additionnelle. L’initialisation de la méthode de segmentation par un classificateur basé sur la puissance de diffusion est très efficace et entraîne de bons résultats. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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تاریخ انتشار 2005